This mechanistic cascade results in histone acetylation, alteration of chromatin conformation and the initiation of transcription of certain specific drugs. The binding of estrogens to the estrogen receptor produces the activation of nuclear receptors in order to bind to estrogen response elements in certain target genes. 11 Type Small Molecule Groups Approved Synonyms 9 The currently approved product of conjugated estrogens was developed by Wyeth Ayerst and FDA approved in 2003. However, until 1986 official clinical trials were performed and this product was determined to be effective for the treatment of osteoporosis. The conjugated estrogen mixture was approved for marketing in US in 1942 based on the efficacy against certain conditions. It also presents a large number of unidentified molecules with weak estrogenic activity as well as non-human molecules when it is obtained from pregnant mares urine. The conjugated estrogen product contains a mix of estrogen from which about 50% is represented by estrone sulfate followed by 25% of equilin sulfate, 15% of 17-alpha-dehydroequilenin sulfate, 3% of equilenin sulfate, 5% of 17-alpha and 17-beta-dihydroequilenin sulfate, 2% of 17-alpha-estradiolsulfate and 3% of 17-beta-estradiolsulfate.

Both of these products are later conjugated to natrium sulfate by ester bonds in order to make them more water soluble. The conjugated estrogens are noncrystalline mixtures of purified female sex hormones obtained either by its isolation from the urine of pregnant mares or by synthetic generation from vegetal material. Congest, Duavee, Duavive, Premarin, Premphase 28 Day, Prempro 0.625/2.5 28 Day Generic Name Conjugated estrogens DrugBank Accession Number DB00286 Background

Serial number pempro